Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it
takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity: the emotion is
contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquillity gradually
disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of
contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the
mind. In this mood successful composition generally begins, and in a mood
similar to this it is carried on; but the emotion, of whatever kind, and in
whatever degree, from various causes, is qualified by various pleasures, so
that in describing any passions whatsoever, which are voluntarily described,
the mind will, upon the whole, be in a state of enjoyment. If Nature be thus
cautious to preserve in a state of enjoyment a being so employed, the Poet
ought to profit by the lesson held forth to him, and ought especially to take
care, that, whatever passions he communicates to his Reader, those passions, if
his Reader’s mind be sound and vigorous, should always be accompanied with an
overbalance of pleasure. Now the music of harmonious metrical language, the
sense of difficulty overcome, and the blind association of pleasure which has
been previously received from works of rhyme or metre of the same or similar
construction, an indistinct perception perpetually renewed of language closely
resembling that of real life, and yet, in the circumstance of metre, differing
from it so widely—all these imperceptibly make up a complex feeling of delight,
which is of the most important use in tempering the painful feeling always
found intermingled with powerful descriptions of the deeper passions. This
effect is always produced in pathetic and impassioned poetry; while, in lighter
compositions, the ease and gracefulness with which the Poet manages his numbers
are themselves confessedly a principal source of the gratification of the
Reader. All that it is necessary to say, however, upon this subject, may
be effected by affirming, what few persons will deny, that, of two
descriptions, either of passions, manners, or characters, each of them equally
well executed, the one in prose and the other in verse, the verse will be read
a hundred times where the prose is read once.
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