Agar is the Latin form of Hagar, the Egyptian handmaid whom Sarah gave to Avraham so that he could have children (according to Genesis 16 and 21). But after Agar became pregnant Sarai became jealous, causing her to flee. An angel told her to return to Avraham to bear a child, Yishma'el (Ishmael, "God has hearkened"), who would "be a wild ass of a man: his hand shall be against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the face of all his brethren." Avraham was 86 when Yishma'el was born. Many years later, when Avraham was 99, Sarah herself bore a son, Yishaq (Isaac, "laughter") and had Agar and Yishma'el expelled and disinherited. However, Shlomo Yitzchak ("Rashi") and other Jewish commentators claimed that after Sarah's death Agar (as Keturah, was reunited with Avraham. According to Titus Flavius Josephus, Yishma'el had 12 sons, who inhabited Nabatene, the area between the Euphrates river and the Red Sea, and became the ancestor of the Arabs. (Medieval Jewish scholars assigned them the land between the Indian ocean and Palestine.) The "Asatir" (The Samaritan Book of the 'Secrets of Moses') claimed that these sons founded Makkah (Mecca). Muhammad bin 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib (al-Baqir," the one who opens knowledge), the 5th Shia imam, insisted that Yishma'el, at 14, was the 1st person to speak in Arabic; Greek sources claimed that he married into the Aramaic-speaking Banu Jurhum tribe, who were involved in the worship centering around the Kaaba, the holy sanctuary rebuilt by Yishma'el and Avraham; he combined his own Egyptian and Hebrew with his in-laws' Aramaic to create "God's language." In Muslim and rabbinic tradition Agar ("Hajar" in Arabic) was a daughter of the pharaoh who was given to Sarah ("It is better that my daughter should be a slave in the house of such a woman than mistress in another house," according to the "genesis Rabbah.) The 15th-century Egyptian historian Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Muhammad al-Maqrizi wrote that Moshe (Moses) exterminated most of the Amaleq, Midianite, and other non-Ishmaelites; by the time of Muhammad, all Arabs were descended from Yishma'el, according to Abu al-Mundhir Hisham bin Muhammed bin al-Sa'ib bin Bishr al-Kalbi in the 8th century.
Agar is the Latin form of Hagar, the Egyptian handmaid whom Sarah gave to Avraham so that he could have children (according to Genesis 16 and 21). But after Agar became pregnant Sarai became jealous, causing her to flee. An angel told her to return to Avraham to bear a child, Yishma'el (Ishmael, "God has hearkened"), who would "be a wild ass of a man: his hand shall be against every man, and every man's hand against him; and he shall dwell in the face of all his brethren." Avraham was 86 when Yishma'el was born. Many years later, when Avraham was 99, Sarah herself bore a son, Yishaq (Isaac, "laughter") and had Agar and Yishma'el expelled and disinherited. However, Shlomo Yitzchak ("Rashi") and other Jewish commentators claimed that after Sarah's death Agar (as Keturah, was reunited with Avraham. According to Titus Flavius Josephus, Yishma'el had 12 sons, who inhabited Nabatene, the area between the Euphrates river and the Red Sea, and became the ancestor of the Arabs. (Medieval Jewish scholars assigned them the land between the Indian ocean and Palestine.) The "Asatir" (The Samaritan Book of the 'Secrets of Moses') claimed that these sons founded Makkah (Mecca). Muhammad bin 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib (al-Baqir," the one who opens knowledge), the 5th Shia imam, insisted that Yishma'el, at 14, was the 1st person to speak in Arabic; Greek sources claimed that he married into the Aramaic-speaking Banu Jurhum tribe, who were involved in the worship centering around the Kaaba, the holy sanctuary rebuilt by Yishma'el and Avraham; he combined his own Egyptian and Hebrew with his in-laws' Aramaic to create "God's language." In Muslim and rabbinic tradition Agar ("Hajar" in Arabic) was a daughter of the pharaoh who was given to Sarah ("It is better that my daughter should be a slave in the house of such a woman than mistress in another house," according to the "genesis Rabbah.) The 15th-century Egyptian historian Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Muhammad al-Maqrizi wrote that Moshe (Moses) exterminated most of the Amaleq, Midianite, and other non-Ishmaelites; by the time of Muhammad, all Arabs were descended from Yishma'el, according to Abu al-Mundhir Hisham bin Muhammed bin al-Sa'ib bin Bishr al-Kalbi in the 8th century.
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